Urgent need to find replacement for sand in concrete
Over 4 billion tonnes of sand is being dug up around the world each year. In a bid to curb environmental and community damage,work is being undertaken to find alternate materials for use by the concrete industry. Graphene has been found to offer an alternative as a replacement for sand in concrete as well as a reinforcing additive. .Geneva University says that Sand resource governance is one of the greatest sustainability challenges of the 21st century. The University helped establish The Global Sand Observatory aimed at developing knowledge and providing decision making support on the sustainability issue of sand extraction and use. Meanwhile, researchers at Rice University in the US discovered that graphene could be used in place of sand due to sand mining rates outstripping natural replenishment. As sand comprises 30% of concrete, it represents a significant part, according to Satish Nagarajaiah, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at R...